Experimental Studies Towards Development of a Single Stage High Refrigerating Capacity G-M Type Pulse Tube Refrigerator

The absence of moving components at low temperature end gives the pulse tube refrigerator(PTR)a great leverage over other cryocoolers like Stirling and G-M refrigerators that are conventionally in use for several decades.PTR has greater reliability;no electric motors to cause electromagnetic interference,no sources of mechanical vibration in the cold head and no clearance seal between piston and cylinder.Moreover,it is a relatively low cost device with a simple yet compact design.The objectives of the present work is to design,fabricate and test a single stage G-M type pulse tube refrigerator and study its performances.Experimental studies consists of cooling behavior of the refrigeration system at different cold end temperatures and optimization of orifice and double inlet openings at different pressures.The developed pulse tube refrigerator consists of compressor,rotary valve, regenerator,pulse tube,hot end heat exchanger,orifice valve and double inlet valve,reservoir or buffer,vacuum chamber and coupling accessories etc.Regenerator and pulse tube have been chosen according to the literature available.Hot end heat exchanger has been designed and fabricated with respect to the regenerator and pulse tube geometry.The assembly of the components has been done in such a way that the set-up can be used as basic pulse tube refrigerator,orifice pulse tube refrigerator or double inlet pulse tube refrigerator as and when required.This has enabled thorough comparison among them.The effect of operating conditions such as average pressure and pressure ratio of the compressor also has been found out.The optimum operating conditions such as opening of the orifice and double inlet valves have been selected according to the performance i.e. minimum attainable temperature at no load condition.Effect of orifice and double inlet openings at different pressures has been detected by applying the pressure sensors across at various positions in the system.Correspondingly,pressure variations at regenerator inlet,pulse tube and reservoir has been determined

Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques for Cyber Security Intrusion Detection

An interference discovery framework is customizing that screens a singular or an arrangement of PCs for toxic activities that are away for taking or blue-penciling information or spoiling framework shows. The most methodology used as a piece of the present interference recognition framework is not prepared to deal with the dynamic and complex nature of computerized attacks on PC frameworks. In spite of the way that compelling adaptable methodologies like various frameworks of AI can realize higher discovery rates, cut down bogus alert rates and reasonable estimation and correspondence cost. The use of data mining can realize ceaseless model mining, request, gathering and littler than ordinary data stream. This examination paper portrays a connected with composing audit of AI and data delving procedures for advanced examination in the assistance of interference discovery. In perspective on the number of references or the congruity of a rising methodology, papers addressing each procedure were recognized, examined, and compacted. Since data is so fundamental in AI and data mining draws near, some striking advanced educational records used as a piece of AI and data burrowing are depicted for computerized security is shown, and a couple of recommendations on when to use a given system are given

Clinical profile of dengue fever with severe thrombocytopenia and its complications: a retrospective study at a tertiary care hospital in South India

Background: Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a potentially lethal illness that is universally prevalent in the tropics and has become a major health concern globally in recent decades. The clinical manifestation of dengue infection varies from asymptomatic to severe life threatening illness in the form of DHF/DSS. Dengue haemorrhagic fever or DSS may be fatal in 40% to 50% of untreated patients. A hallmark of dengue infection is severe thrombocytopenia which causes concern for the patients and treating doctors. The objective of this study was to correlate clinical profile during the evolution of dengue fever with severe thrombocytopenia (platelets <10,000/mm3), and comparing frequencies between the different clinical forms in order to predict the severity of the disease.  The present study includes 40 individuals who were found to be seropositive with the detection of NS1Ag, IgM and IgG antibodies for dengue infection with severe thrombocytopenia. Early diagnosis and monitoring is largely dependent on haematological parameters. As no specific antiviral therapy is available, supportive therapy is of utmost importance.Methods: This is an observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 40 patients with clinical and serological diagnosis of dengue fever with severe thrombocytopenia (platelets<10,000/mm3), in the period from August 2015 to September 2016, who were admitted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. ELISA was performed for the detection of dengue NS1, Ig M and Ig G, haematological parameters by automated analyzer and peripheral smear, coagulation profile analysis were done.Results: Out of 40 cases with severe thrombocytopenia, 50% of the patients had classical dengue fever, 30% cases had DHF with bleeding manifests and 20% cases with DHF plasma leakage signs and 5% lead to DSS. There was lack of association studied between severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding manifestations as p value<0.065 was insignificant. However, the risk of complications increased with decreasing platelet counts in the present study.Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia was most predominant haematological discrepancy. There was no predilection for any age group or gender for thrombocytopenia or bleeding among the dengue patients. The results were relevant in assessing the severity of infection and can help by enabling the adaptation of the therapeutic conduct to the needs of individual patients

The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis

Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Abstract: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era

Sustainable Smart Helmet For Coal Miners

The “Sustainable Smart Safety Helmet for Coal Miners” paper aims to enhance the safety and well-being of coal miners by implementing an innovative monitoring system. The paper utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller, integrated with a suite of sensors, including DHT11 for temperature and humidity measurement, MQ135 for gas detection, IR Sensor for helmet status monitoring, and a Heartbeat Sensor for real-time pulse rate tracking. A Buzzer is also integrated to provide immediate audible alerts when potential hazards are detected. The system continuously collects sensor data in real-time, which is then processed and analysed within the ESP32 microcontroller. The data is transmitted to a user-friendly mobile application developed using Blynk. Through the Blynk app, miners and relevant personnel receive critical information regarding environmental conditions and the miners' vital signs. In case of any hazardous conditions, the system generates prompt alerts, triggering the Buzzer and sending notifications to the app to ensure timely responses to potential threats. By combining advanced sensor technology, real-time data monitoring, and swift alert mechanisms, this paper endeavours to safeguard the lives of coal miners in hazardous working environments, providing them with a smart safety solution and empowering them to work with increased confidence and security

Thumba (<em>Citrullus colocynthis</em> L.) seed oil: a potential bio-lubricant base-stock

Thumba seed oil, a minor, renewable tree borne oil, was exploited for the preparation of biolubricant base-stocks. The different base-stocks prepared were epoxy thumba oil (ETO), branched, 2-ethylhexyl ester (T2-EtHE), and polyol esters, namely, neopentyl glycol (TNPGE), trimethylolpropane (TTMPE) and pentaerythritol (TPEE) esters of thumba fatty acids. All the base-stocks were thoroughly characterized using spectral techniques. When evaluated for lubricant properties, ETO showed much higher viscosity (216.9 cSt), good oxidative stability (RBOT Method, ASTM D 2272) (20 min) and weld load (ASTM IP 239) (180 kg) behavior when compared to the branched and polyol esters. Polyol esters, T2-EtHE, TNPGE and TTMPE (−9 to −18 °C) showed low pour points compared to ETO and TPEE. The thermal stabilities (Thermo gravimetric analysis, TGA) of ETO and TPEE (425 °C) were higher compared to other base-stocks. The lubricant properties of ETO matched well with ISO VG 220 and Aviation Grade 100 lubricant specifications, while polyol esters can be well exploited for hydraulic and metal working fluid applications.<br><br>Las semillas de thumba producen un aceite de escasa importancia que ha sido explotado como base para la preparación de biolubricantes. Los diferentes derivados de thumba preparados fueron: éteres epoxi (ETO), éteres ramificados, éster de 2-etilhexilo (T2-ETHE), y los ésteres de poliol:, neopentil glicol (TNPGE), trimetilolpropano (TTMPE) y pentaeritritol (TPEE). Todas las bases se caracterizaron en su totalidad utilizando técnicas espectrales. Cuando se evaluaron las propiedades del lubricante, ETO mostró una viscosidad mucho más alta (216,9 cSt), buena estabilidad a la oxidación (RBOT Método, ASTM D 2272) (20 min) y buena carga (239 ASTM IP) (180 kg) en comparación con el comportamiento de los ésteres de poliol y los ramificados. Los ésteres de poliol, T2-EEl, TNPGE y TTMPE (−9 a −18 °C) mostraron bajos puntos de fluidez en comparación con ETO y TPE. Las estabilidades térmicas (análisis termogravimétrico, TGA) de ETO y TPE (425 °C) fueron más altos en comparación con las otras bases. Las propiedades lubricantes de ETO coinciden bien con las especificaciones de los lubricantes, ISO VG 220 y Grado Aeronautica 100, mientras que los ésteres de poliol pueden aprovecharse bien para aplicaciones en fluidos hidráulicos y trabajos de metal

An unusual case of pleural-based tumor with life-threatening post-operative complication

A 57-year-old male presented with hemoptysis of 4 years duration and a gradually increasing pleural mass on chest X-ray. The mass was causing pressure effects on the liver and the lungs. To rule out malignancy, thoracotomy was performed, which revealed large, thick-walled hematoma. Complete excision of mass was performed. Post-operative course was complicated by massive pleural bleeding requiring massive blood transfusions and re-exploratory thoracotomy. Subsequent tests revealed factor IX deficiency and, hence, he was managed with recombinant factor IX concentrate. This case stresses upon the fact that hereditary bleeding disorders may be diagnosed even in late adulthood with atypical presentations such as pseudotumor in pleural space. Moreover, hemophilia B may present with normal APTT levels making the diagnosis even more difficult